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摘 要

 

散热器作为一个散热仪器它的功能是将机械运转过程中产生的热量转移来保证器件正常工作，因此，广泛应用于人们的日常生活中。我们经常见到各种形式的散热器，它们大多采用风冷、液冷，热管、半导体制冷等散热方式。

温度则是工业生产中必须严格控制的一个参数，温度的控制效果与产品质量有着密切关联。如何有效控制温度？如何做到高效散热？本设计就此问题介绍一款智能散热器控制器，以单片机为基础，考虑到成本和性能的差别，选用单片机AT89C52为核心控制器，以DS18B20温度传感器来测量温度，并通过LCD1602液晶显示温度和散热器的档位，经单片机处理后通过三极管驱动直流散热器的电机，以PWM脉宽调制来控制散热器风速。根据采集的实时温度，实现了散热器的智能控制。由用户设定最高温度值和最低温度值，当测得温度值在最高温度和最低温度之间时打开1级风档，当测量温度超过所设定的最高温度时自动切换到2级风档散热，当测量温度低于所设定的最低温度时散热器停止工作。

 

关键词：散热器；智能控制；单片机

 

The design of the intelligent controller radiator

 

Abstract

 

The function of a radiator is to ensure the normal operation of the device by transferring away the heat generated in the process of mechanical operation, and thus radiators of various kinds are widely used in our everyday life. However, of all the radiators we may come across, most of them use the air or liquid cooling, heat piping, or semiconductor refrigeration as a means of heat dissipation.

Temperature is a parameter that must be strictly controlled in industrial production, since there is a close connection between the controlling effect of temperature and the quality of products. Therefore, here arise two questions, how can we control the temperature effectively and how can we achieve efficient cooling? To answer these questions, this design will introduce a smart radiator controller, which is based on a microcontroller considering the cost and performance. The radiator uses the AT89C52 microcontroller as the core controller, the DS18B20 temperature sensor to measure the temperature, and the LCD1602 LCD to display the temperature measured and the radiator file bit, with currents flowing through a triode tube controlled by the microcontroller to power up the DC motor drive of the radiator. And using PWM pulse width modulation to control the radiator velocity. Then with the real-time temperature gathered, the intelligent control of the radiator is fulfilled. The user is free to set up the maximum and the minimum temperature value, and the radiator will start with the level 1 cooling when the temperature value measured is between the maximum and the minimum temperature, switch to level 2 cooling automatically when the temperature measured exceeds the maximum temperature, and stop working when the temperature measured is lower than the minimum temperature.

 

Keywords: Radiator; Intelligent Control; MCU

 

目录

 

1绪论 1

1.1选题目的和意义 1

1.2目前研究现状 1

2整体方案选择 2

2.1系统整体设计 2

2.2单片机控制器的选择 2

2.3温度传感器的选择 2

2.4温度显示器的选择 3

2.5调速方式的选择 3

3系统硬件组成 4

3.1 AT89C52单片机 4

3.1.1 AT89C52简介 4

3.1.2 AT89C52单片机引脚说明 4

3.1.3 AT89C52单片机最小系统 6

3.2 DS18B20温度采集电路 7

3.2.1 DS18B20简介 7

3.2.2 DS18B20的工作原理 8

3.3 LCD1602液晶显示 9

3.3.1 LCD1602液晶显示简介 9

3.3.2 LCD1602液晶显示电路 10

3.4散热器驱动电路 11

3.5按键电路 11

4软件设计 13

4.1系统软件整体设计 13

4.2 DS18B20温度传感器流程设计 14

4.3 LCD1602液晶显示流程设计 16

4.4按键程序流程设计 17

5设计仿真与调试 19

5.1系统仿真 19

5.2实物运行 21

5.3系统调试 23

5.3.1按键调试 23

5.3.2 LCD1602调试 23

5.3.3 DS18B20调试 23

5.3.4散热器调速调试 24

6结束语 25

参考文献 26

附录 27

致谢 38

 

 

1绪论

1.1选题目的和意义

散热器在日常生活或者工业领域上与我们密切相关，上至工业上锅炉散热，下至生活中电风扇散热。但凡与温度相关的设备，都离不开散热器的控制。工业上，温度控制作为一个重要环节直接影响着产品的质量。生活中，优秀的散热器能稳定的控制住处理器的温度以发挥全部的性能。

伴随着科技的发展与进步，散热器不再是局限于手动地机械地处理散热问题
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